引用:

原帖由 garnett_wu 于 2006-11-18 13:36 发表
第17篇

Passage Seventeen (On the President’s Program)
President Arling has put his long awaited economic restructuring program before the Congress. It provides a coordinated program of ...

第17 篇答案：

难句译注
1. This is necessary to reversethe economic slide into unemployment, lack of growth, and trade deficits thathave plagued the economy for the past six years.
【参考译文】这对扭转经济滑坡；滑到失业高，增长少和已经困扰经济达6年之久贸易赤字来说是必要的。

写作方法与文章大意
这是一则有关总统向国会提交的经济计划评论。作者采用对比手法来突出其计划之正确性，第一段就讲了计划的涉及面：投资、研究、教育、税收等，目的是制止经济滑坡，提高美国工业竞争力。
第二、三两段叙述了计划遭两方面的反对，总统党内的右翼要求更强硬，更直接的行动，而共和党对即使逐渐稍稍提高一点税收都予以谴责。
第四段提出两者都忽略我们面临经济问题的独特性质。它不是市场或财政问题。掌握新技术的人大量增产，而不能采用新技术的人面临在世界经济中成为二等公民的危险。工业不能达到先进水平，就不能有效地竞争，那么任何保护主义或进入外国市场都不能长期奏效。没有技术优势的经验和利润的再投资，工业经济只能依然落后于外国竞争对手。
最后一段点出总统计划的要点就是工艺技术。作者提出：要求全面通过这一重新建设计划。如果我们不能重建经济，我们可能不会有第二次机会。

答案详解
1. C 工艺技术。最后一段第一句“问题的症结就在于工艺技术，这就是总统计划的要点所在。”第四段：“对掌握新技术的人来说，新技术使他们大大增产，而新技术对不能掌握它的人来说，在世界经济中他们面临沦为永久性的二等公民的危险。如果不能做到这一点，那么任何政府保护主义，进入国际市场都不能有效地竞争。如果不能有技术优势的利润和经验再投资，工业只能进一步落后于国外竞争对手。”这些都说明总统计划的重点再工艺技术。
A.投资。D.税收。只是总统计划的涉及面。B.经济。太笼统了。
2. A 更直接行动。第二段“总统的党内几段自由翼要求更强硬、更直接行动。他们要求用收入（税收）政策来制止通货膨胀；联邦财政在关税保护下，帮助重建工业。”
B.他们需要制止通货膨胀。C.重建工业。D.保护关税墙。都只是他们要求中的不分内容，不完整。
3. A支持。第四、五段集中了评论者的观点，支持的理由和论点。
B.厌恶。C.不赞成。D.调和妥协。
4. D歪曲。最后一段第二句：“其危险不在于计划将不被通过，而在于左和右的思想理论家们用修正案来歪曲提案，使计划要点蒙尘模糊不清，经济重建计划应原封不动地通过。”这是作者的态度，也是他所担心之处。
A.两党的反对。B.两党对计划的不同看法。C.它的通过。
5. D 社论。
A.评论。社论也是评论的一种，但它是报纸主编所撰，常常是有关国内外大事评论。B.前言。C.广告。

第18 篇

Passage Eighteen (Strictly Ban smoking)

If you smoke and youstill don’t believe that there’s a definite link between smoking and bronchialtroubles, heart disease and lung cancer, then you are certainly deceivingyourself. No one will accuse you of hypocrisy. Let us just say that you aresuffering from a bad case of wishful thinking. This needn’t make you too uncomfortablebecause you are in good company. Whenever the subject of smoking and health israised, the governments of most countries hear no evil, see no evil and smellno evil. Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures. In Britain forinstance, cigarette advertising has been banned on television. The conscienceof the nation is appeased, while the population continues to puff its way tosmoky, cancerous death.


You don’t have to lookvery far to find out why the official reactions to medical fin谢谢s have beenso lukewarm. The answer is simply money. Tobacco is a wonderful commodity totax. It’s almost like a tax on our daily bread. In tax revenue alone, thegovernment of Britaincollects enough from smokers to pay for its entire educational facilities. Sowhile the authorities point out ever so discreetly that smoking may,conceivable, be harmful, it doesn’t do to shout too loudly about it.
This is surely the mostshort-sighted policy you could imagine. While money is eagerly collected invast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with theother. Enormous amounts are spent on cancer research and on efforts to curepeople suffering from the disease. Countless valuable lives are lost. In thelong run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smokingwere banned altogether.

Of course, we are notready for such a drastic action. But if the governments of the world werehonestly concerned about the welfare of their peoples, you’d think they’dconduct aggressive anti-smoking campaigns. Far from it! The tobacco industry isallowed to spend staggering sums on advertising. Its advertising is asinsidious as it is dishonest. We are never shown pictures of real smokerscoughing up their lungs early in the morning. That would never do. Theadvertisement always depict virile, clean-shaven young men. They suggest it ismanly to smoke, even positively healthy! Smoking is associated with the greatopen-air life, with beautiful girls, true love and togetherness. What utternonsense!

For a start, governmentscould begin by banning all cigarette and tobacco advertising and should thenconduct anti-smoking advertising campaigns of their own. Smoking should bebanned in all public places like theatres, cinemas and restaurants. Greatefforts should be made to inform young people especially of the direconsequences of taking up the habit. A horrific warning – say, a picture of adeath’s head – should be included in every packet of cigarettes that is sold.As individuals, we are certainly weak, but if governments acted honestly andcourageously, they could protect us from ourselves.

1. Why do a few governments taketimid measures toward smoking?
[A] because they are afraid of people.
[B] Because diseases cost a lot.
[C] Because they are afraid of the cutting down of their revenue.
[D] Because they are afraid of manufacturers.

2. The tone of this passage is
[A] critical.
[B] ironical.
[C] distaste.
[D] amusing.

3. What does the sentence “becauseyou are in good company” mean?
[A] you are backed by the government.
[B] You are not alone.
[C] You have good colleagues.
[D] Governments are blind to evils of smoking too.

4. What is the best title of this passage?
[A] World Governments should conduct serious campaigns against smoking.
[B] World governments take timid measures against smoking.
[C] smoking is the most important source of income to many countries.
[D] tobacco industry spends a large sum of money on medical research.

Vocabulary
1. a wishful thinking 根据愿望的想法，不顾事实的想法

2. puff 喷
puff its way to 一路吞云吐雾走向（指抽烟抽到死）

3. lukewarm 冷淡/漠然

4. insidious 阴险的，狡猾的

5. virile 年富力强的

引用:

原帖由 garnett_wu 于 2006-11-20 11:49 发表
第18 篇

Passage Eighteen (Strictly Ban smoking)
If you smoke and youstill don’t believe that there’s a definite link between smoking and bronchialtroubles, heart disease and lung ca ...

第18篇答案

写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇“要求政府禁烟”的论说文，采用因果对比手法。先以讽刺口吻指出政府对禁烟的态度――软弱无力。然后点明软弱的原因――大量税收。再以抽烟大严重后果，机器所花去的钱说明得不偿失。而烟草工业广告泛滥，毒化人们。从而提出政府应从禁止烟广告作起。

答案详解
1. C 因为他们害怕收入减少。答案见第二段。“你不用看得很远就能发现为什么官方对医学成果的反应如此冷淡，答案就是钱。烟草是征税的最奇妙的商品，几乎就像日用面包的税收。光烟草税收一项，英国政府就从抽烟人身上征到足以支付整个教育措施的费用。所以在当局那么谨慎地指出吸烟有害时，可以想象，喊叫得太响时不行的。”
A.他们害怕人民。D.他们害怕厂商。文中没有。B.疾病花费很大和软弱无力的禁烟措施有关。不是花费大而采取弱政策。
2. B 讽刺语气。特别表现在第一段、第四段。
A.批评语气，整篇文章都在批评，这不是什么语气问题。这里时以讽刺的口吻加以批评政府软弱的禁烟政策。C.厌恶。D.有趣。
3. D 政府对吸烟的恶果也是视而不见。
A.政府支持。太明朗化。B.你不是单独一人。和C.你有好同事，都是似是而非的答案。这可以上下文说明，第一段：“假如你吸烟，依然认为吸烟和支气管炎、心脏病、肺癌等毫无关系，那你是自欺欺人。可没有人会说你虚伪。我们可以说你是患有一厢情愿病。这你无需太难受，因为你有好伙伴。每当提出吸烟和健康有关的问题时，大多数国家的政府对其恶果视而不见、听而不闻、嗅而不觉。”
4. A 世界各国政府应该开展眼里的禁烟运动。因为前面四段都是现象：⑴政策软弱。如英国政府只在电视上禁止烟草广告以高位人们的良知。另一方面人民继续一路吞云吐雾走到癌症死亡。⑵讲烟草的税收高，所以不严禁。⑶这项政策的后果是疾病花费大于烟草税收。⑷烟草广告泛滥毒害人。唯一解救的办法就是禁烟。最后一段是结论，也是画龙点睛的主题和标题。“作为起步，政府可以从禁止烟草广告开始，然后应开展抵制吸烟的广告运动。一切公共场合，如戏院、电影院、返点等应禁止吸烟。应竭尽全力告诫青年，尤其是告诫他们染上恶习的严重后果。在零卖的每包烟盒上应有一令人胆战心惊的警告：例如，一幅骷髅头画像。作为个人，我们力量薄弱，可是如果政府真诚地鼓舞人心的行动起来，他们可以保护我们。”
B.世界各国政府采取禁烟政策软弱无力。C.吸烟是许多国家重要收入。这两项是不分具体内容。D.烟草工厂在医疗研究上花了大笔费用。

第19篇

Passage Nineteen (TV’s Harmfulness)

Yes, but what did we useto do before there was television? How often we hear statements like this!Television hasn’t been with us all that long, but we are already beginning toforget what the world was like without it. Before we admitted the one-eyedmonster into our homes, we never fond it difficult to occupy our spare time. Weused to enjoy civilized pleasures. For instance, we used to have hobbies, weused to entertain our friends and be entertained by them, we used to go outsidefor our amusements to theatres, cinemas, restaurants and sporting events. Weeven used to read books and listen to music and broadcast talks occasionally.All that belongs to the past. Now all our free time is regulated by the gogglebox. We rush home or gulp down our meals to be in time for this or thatprogramme. We have even given up sitting at table and having a leisurely eveningmeal, exchanging the news of the day. A sandwich and a glass of beer will do – anything,provi谢谢 it doesn’t interfere with the programme. The monster demands andobtains absolute silence and attention. If any member of the family dares toopen his mouth during a programme, he is quickly silenced.


Whole generations aregrowing up addicted to the telly. Food is left uneaten, homework undone andsleep is lost. The telly is a universal pacifier. It is now standard practicefor mother to keep the children quiet by putting them in the living-room andturning on the set. It doesn’t matter that the children will watch rubbishycommercials or spectacles of sadism and violence – so long as they are quiet.

There is a limit to theamount of creative talent available in the world. Every day, televisionconsumes vast quantities of creative work. That is why most of the programmesare so bad: it is impossible to keep pace with the demand and maintain highstandards as well. When millions watch the same programmes, the whole worldbecomes a village, and society is reduced to the conditions which obtain inpreliterate communities. We become utterly dependent on the two most primitivemedia of communication: pictures and the spoken word.

Television encouragespassive enjoyment. We become content with second-hand experiences. It is soeasy to sit in our armchairs watching others working. Little by little,television cuts us off from the real world. We get so lazy, we choose to spenda fine day in semi-darkness, glued to our sets, rather than go out into theworld itself. Television may be s splendid medium of communication, but itprevents us from communicating with each other. We only become aware howtotally irrelevant television is to real living when we spend a holiday by thesea or in the mountains, far away from civilization. In quiet, naturalsurroun谢谢s, we quickly discover how little we miss the hypnotic tyranny ofKing Telly.

1. What is the biggest harm of TV?
[A] It deprives people of communication with the real world.
[B] People become lazy.
[C] People become dependent on second-hand experience.
[D] TV consumes a large part of one’s life.

2. In what way can people forgetTV?
[A] Far away from civilization.
[B] To a mountain.
[C] By the sea.
[D] In quiet natural surroun谢谢s.

3. What does a mother usually doto keep her children quiet?
[A] Let them watch the set.
[B] Put them in the living room.
[C] Let them watch the rubbish.
[D] Let them alone.

4. What does the first sentence inthe first paragraph mean?
[A] We found it difficult to occupy our spare time.
[B] We become addicted to TV.
[C] What we used to do is different from now.
[D] We used to enjoy civilized pleasures.

Vocabulary
1. goggle 转动眼珠，瞪眼
goggle box （英俚）电视机
2. gulp 狼吞虎咽
3. telly 电视机
4. pacifier 平息者，抚慰者。这里指平静人，使人不吱声的东西。
5. rubbishy 垃圾的，无价值的
6. sadism 施淫虐
7. glue 胶（水）；粘牢
glue to the sets 和电视机粘在一起，指成了电视迷
8. hypnotic 催眠的

引用:

原帖由 garnett_wu 于 2006-11-21 15:39 发表
第19篇

Passage Nineteen (TV’s Harmfulness)
Yes, but what did we useto do before there was television? How often we hear statements like this!Television hasn’t been with us all that ...

难句译注
1. There is a limit to the amountof creative talent available in the world.
【参考译文】世界上可以获得的创造性才能的数量是有限的。

写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇论说“电视有害”的文章。采用对比分析手法。先提出问题，对比过去和现在“过去在业余时间，我们享受文明的欢乐，有各种嗜好，招待朋友，访友，外出娱乐，在家读书听音乐……现在一切受电视支配。匆忙赶回家，狼吞虎咽地吃完饭为的是准时看某个电视节目。只要不干扰节目，吃什么都可以！一块三明治，一杯啤酒就行。看时，谁都不许说话，完全没有了过去的那种悠闲，坐在一起吃晚饭，相互交谈白天的一切。”
然后列出电视种种恶果：整个几代人成了电视迷，连孩子也不能幸免，电视消耗了大量的创造性工作，人们成为以来电视生存的人，被动娱乐，制止我们和真实世界交流。
最后结论：到大自然去，忘掉电视。

答案详解
1. A 它剥夺了人们和真实世界的联系。文章多次提到现在我们不能探亲访友，一家人互不交流，而一旦离开电视就进入了真是世界。
B. 人变懒。C. 人们变得依赖二手经验。D. 电视浪费了人生的大量时间。这三项只是危害重具体一个组成部分。
2. D 在安宁的大自然的怀抱中。答案在最后一段最后一句“在安详宁静的大自然环境中，我们很快发现我们对催眠的电视暴君连想都不怎么想！”
A. 远离文明。B.去山上。C.在海边。
3. A 叫他们看电视。这在第二段第三句起“电视是一个万能安静器。母亲为使孩子们安静，就把他们放在起居室内，打开电视看。这是现在最权威的一招。至于孩子们看的使垃圾般的商业广告，还是施淫虐或暴力片都无关紧要，只要他们安静不闹。”
B.把他们搁在起居室。C.让他们看垃圾片。都是其中的具体一部分。D.让他们呆着。没有提到。
4. B 我们都成了电视迷。第一句“是的，可是没有电视之前，我们常干些什么？”这说明人们已经习惯于电视，以来电视，到了没有电视怎么办的境地。不知道没有电视前的情况。第二段“整个几代人越来越迷上了电视，饭不吃，家务不干，不睡觉。”可以说整篇文章都描写了人们对电视迷恋，依赖。第一句话是引言。所以B对。
A. 难以消遣。只是人们的一种感受。C.过去和现在不同。是一种对比，并没有点出这句话的真正内涵。D.享受文明欢乐。是过去所作的一个具体例子。

第20 篇

Passage Twenty (The Law to Keep the Oil Industryunder Control)

The Norwegian Governmentis doing its best to keep the oil industry under control. A new law limitsexploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline;production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised);and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number offoreign workers. But the oil industry has a way of getting over such problems,and few people believe that the Government will be able to hold things back forlong. As on Norwegian politician said last week: “We will soon be changedbeyond all recognition.”
Ever since the war, theGovernment has been carrying out a programme of development in the area northof the Arctic Circle. During the past fewyears this programme has had a great deal of success: Tromso has been built upinto a local capital with a university, a large hospital and a healthyindustry. But the oil industry has already started to draw people south, andwithin a few years the whole northern policy could be in ruins.
The effects of the oilindustry would not be limited to the north, however. With nearly 100 percentemployment, everyone can see a situation developing in which the serviceindustries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oilindustry. Some smaller industries might even disappear altogether when itbecomes cheaper to buy goods from abroad.
The real argument overoil is its threat to the Norwegian way of life. Farmers and fishermen do notmake up most of the population, but they are an important part of it, becauseNorwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride asessentially Norwegian. And it is the farmers and the fishermen who are mostcritical of the oil industry because of the damage that it might cause to thecountryside and to the sea.

1. The Norwegian Government wouldprefer the oil industry to
[A] provide more jobs for foreign workers.
[B] slow down the rate of its development.
[C] sell the oil it is producing abroad.
[D] develop more quickly than at present.
2. The Norwegian Government hastried to
[A] encourage the oil companies to discover new oil sources.
[B] prevent oil companies employing people from northern Norway.
[C] help the oil companies solve many of their problems.
[D] keep the oil industry to something near its present size.
3. Accor谢谢 to the passage, theoil industry might lead northern Norway to
[A] the development of industry.
[B] a growth in population.
[C] the failure of the development programme.
[D] the development of new towns.
4. In the south, one effect to thedevelopment of the oil industry might be
[A] a large reduction on unemployment.
[B] a growth in the tourist industry.
[C] a reduction in the number of existing industries.
[D] the development of a number of service industries.
5. Norwegian farmers and fishermenhave an important influence because
[A] they form such a large part of Norwegian ideal.
[B] their lives and values represent the Norwegian ideal.
[C] their work is so useful to the rest of Norwegian society.
[D] they regard oil as a threat to the Norwegian way of life.

Vocabulary

• Norwegian 挪威的；挪威人
• coastline 海岸线
• recognition 承认；认识；赞赏
• countryside 乡下；乡民

引用:

原帖由 garnett_wu 于 2006-11-22 10:06 发表


第20 篇

Passage Twenty (The Law to Keep the Oil Industryunder Control)
The Norwegian Governmentis doing its best to keep the oil industry under control. A new law limitsexploration ...

第20篇答案：

难句译注
1. A new law limits exploration toan area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits havebeen laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies havenot been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers.
【结构简析】用两个分号连接三句句子。【参考译文】一条新的法律限制人们仅在长长的海岸线南端以南地区进行勘探考察；规定了石油生产限量（虽然已提高）；石油公司雇佣外国工人不许超出限定额。
2. With nearly 100 percentemployment, everyone can see a situation developing in which the serviceindustries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oilindustry.
【参考译文】由于将近百分之一百就业率，每个人都能看出形式发展中服务行业和旅游行业的大部分工人会跑到石油工业方面去。
3. Farmers and fishermen do notmake up most of the population, but they are an important part of it, becauseNorwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride asessentially Norwegian.
【结构简析】复合句。在because状语从句中that是定语从句修饰qualities。【参考译文】虽然农民和渔民并不占人口的绝大多数，可是他们都是人口的重要组成不分，因为挪威人在他们身上看到许多他们自豪地认为是挪威人的基本品质。

写作方法与文章大意
文章论述“挪威政府意欲控制石油工业”。采用对比写法。先提出政府新政策的种种限制。但石油工业有办法对付。人们都认为限制难以长久。其次讲述，从战时起，挪威政府一直执行开发北极圈北部地区的发展规划，也取得成功。但石油工业已经开始向南方进军，北方政策可能会失败。石油工业之影响超出北方，有些企业缩小，减少。最后一段是讲争论的焦点：石油对挪威生活方式构成了威胁，具体表现在对挪威理想的代表――渔民和农民的威胁。

答案详解
1. B 减慢发展速率。文章开始就阐明挪威政府正竭尽全力把石油工业控制起来，制定新法律来限制勘探开采，限制产量，限制雇佣外国工人人数。
A. 为外国工人提供更多的工作。C.卖掉正在国外生产的石油。D.比现在发展更快。
2. D 使石油工业保持在接近现在的规模。
A. 鼓励石油公司去发现新石油资源。B.制止石油公司雇佣来自挪威北方的人。C.帮助石油公司解决许多问题。
3. C 发展规划的失败。这在第二段最后一句：“可是石油工业已经开始把人们吸引到南方去，所以不出几年，整个北方政策可能成泡影。”
A.工业发展。B.人口增长。D.新城市的发展。文内没有涉及。
4. C 现存工业数的减少。第三段开始“可是石油工业的影响并不仅仅限于北方。近百分之一百的就业率，使每个人都见到发展的势头，服务业和旅游业的好多工人转向石油工业。某些较小的工业，在从国外购进货物更便宜的情况下，很可能会全部消失。”这说明工业数减少。
A.大大减少失业。B.旅游行业增长。D.许多服务公司发展。文内没有提。
5. B 他们的生活和价值代表了挪威人的理想。
A.他们组成了那么大一部分挪威理想。C.他们的工作对挪威社会的其他方面非常有用。D.他们认为石油是对挪威生活方式的威胁。最后一段第一句话：“对石油真正的争论点是它对挪威生活方式的一种威胁。”并不是他们认为威胁。

中级：

第1篇

Passage One (Violence Can Do Nothing to DiminishRace Prejudice)

In some countries whereracial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as ameans of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There arecountries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there arecountries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by lootingand pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respectsappear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence – asif it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening,what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes tothe crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars andties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. Thewhole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation ofviolence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt thatviolence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, thebloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light themorning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder whathit us.

The truly reasonable menwho know where the solutions lie are fin谢谢 it harder and herder to get ahearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kindbecause they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. Ifhalf the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if ourefforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improvingliving-standards and provi谢谢 education and employment for all, we would havegone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having tomop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, itwould not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme. Thebenefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhereapparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are alwayspossible, provi谢谢 we work within the framework of the law.

Before we can even beginto contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate eachother’s problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercisein communication, in exchanging information. ‘Talk, talk, talk,’ the advocatesof violence say, ‘all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.’ It’srather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained hiscase to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complainedthat after all this talk, he was none the wiser. ‘Possible, my lord,’ thebarrister replied, ‘none the wiser, but surely far better informed.’ Knowledgeis the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence createsthe evils it pretends to solve.

1. What is the best title for thispassage?
[A] Advocating Violence.
[B] Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.
[C] Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.
[D] The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.

2. Recorded history has taught us
[A] violence never solves anything.
[B] nothing.
[C] the bloodshed means nothing.
[D] everything.

3. It can be inferred that trulyreasonable men
[A] can’t get a hearing.
[B] are looked down upon.
[C] are persecuted.
[D] Have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.

4. “He was none the wiser” means
[A] he was not at all wise in listening.
[B] He was not at all wiser than nothing before.
[C] He gains nothing after listening.
[D] He makes no sense of the argument.

5. Accor谢谢 the author the bestway to solve race prejudice is
[A] law enforcement.
[B] knowledge.
[C] nonviolence.
[D] Mopping up the violent mess.

Vocabulary
1. acute 严重的，剧烈的，敏锐的
2. loot v.抢劫，掠夺；n.赃物
3. pillage v.抢劫，掠夺
4. crunch v.吱嘎吱嘎咬或嚼某物；n.碎裂声
when it comes to the crunch = if/when the decisive moment comes. 当关键时刻来到时。
5. war-paint 出战前涂于身上的颜料。（美印第安战士用）
6. come to light = become known 显露，为人所知
7. sap 剥削，使伤元气，破坏
I was sapped by months of hospital treatment. 我住院治疗几个月，大伤元气。
8. mop up 擦去，对付，处理
9. wake 船迹，航迹
in the wake of sth. = come after 随某事之后到来。

引用:

原帖由 garnett_wu 于 2006-11-23 09:45 发表
中级：

第1篇

Passage One (Violence Can Do Nothing to DiminishRace Prejudice)
In some countries whereracial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as ameans ...

第1篇答案

难句译注
1. What is really frightening,what really fills you with despair is the realization that when it comes to thecrunch, we have made no actual progress at all.
【结构简析】when itcomes to the crunch = when / if the decisive moment comes.当关键时刻来到时。【参考译文】真正令人可怖的，令人绝望的是，在关键时刻，人们意识到我们一点儿也没有进步/前进。
2. Our strength is sapped byhaving to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake.
【结构简析】in the wakeof 在…之后。【参考译文】由于我们不得不清理掉暴力之后所留下的烂摊子，我们的力量因此削弱了。
3. After listening to a lengthyargument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser.
【结构简析】none +the + 比较级。固定用法，义：notat all 一点儿也不。EX:After the treatment, he is none the better.治疗后，他并没有因此见好，（一点儿也不见好）。【参考译文】听了律师的长篇解释，法官抱怨说他一无所获，并不因此变得聪明些。
4. Knowledge is the necessary prerequisiteto wisdom.
【参考译文】知识是智慧的必要的先决条件。结合上下文这里意思是：了解情况是解决问题的先决条件。句子后面的解释：知识是指了解它欲以解决暴力制造的恶行。

写作方法与文章大意
作者主要以对比的手法写出了暴力是有些国家用以解决种族差异的公认方法，这是人本性没有进步的表现，真正理智的人提出了法制才是解决问题的唯一途径，而这些人遭人轻视、迫害。作者指出如果我们把使用暴力的一半精力放在消除贫民窟，改善生活水平，提供教育和就业，清除暴力造成的后果，也就是通过对它以法治理是能真正解决种族问题的。尽管这些暴力者采取充耳不闻的态度。

答案详解
1. B 暴力难以消除种族偏见。文章一开始就提出有些国家种族偏见严重，而暴力却是公认的一种解决方法。白人采用暴力镇压，黑人以防火、掠抢为反抗。而双方的大人物平静地论及暴力，似乎这是一种合法的解决方案。作者就此指出人类的进步只在于表面――衣饰等，人类的本能没有改变。整个有记录历史的文件没有教会人类任何东西。这是真正令人可怕的事件。第二段论及真正有理智的懂得解决方案所在的人鼓吹法制，人们不停。他们反而收到轻视、迫害。作者就此提出假设，答出真正的解决方案嗜法制，以法治理。第三段进一步说明“交流、对话”是了解双方问题的前提，即使暴力者不同意，但知道暴力制造它假装要解决的罪恶，是智慧聪明的必要前提。
A.鼓吹暴力。C.双方重要人物都把暴力作为合法的解决方案。D. 人类的本性是嗜暴性。
2. B没有什么。第一段中就明确提出整个人类有记录历史又长又臭的暴力文件记录，一点都没有教给我们任何东西。
A.暴力解决不了任何事情。C.杀戮（流血）没有任何意义。D.一切。
3. D在鼓吹法制方面有困难。答案在第二段，真正有理智的人鼓吹法制，遭到同类们的轻视、不信任和迫害。他们发现要人倾听他们的意见越来越困难。
A.人们不听。B.遭人轻视。C.遭人迫害。这三项都包含在D项内。
4. C听后无所得。None the wiser一点也不比以前聪明（这是按字面翻译）。实际就是C项。
A.在倾听别人上他一点也不聪明。B.他和以前一个样。D.他听不懂论点。
5. A法制。第二段最后一句，如果我们在法律的构架中进行工作，真正的持久的解决总是能实现的。第二段第二句，他们遭到迫害是因为他们鼓吹法制这种显然令人不能容忍的事。
B.知识。C.非暴力。D.处理暴力带来的混乱。

Passage Two (The Tourist Trade ContributesAbsolutely Nothing to Increasing Understan between Nations)

The tourist trade isbooming. With all this coming and going, you’d expect greater understan谢谢 todevelop between the nations of the world. Not a bit of it! Superb systems ofcommunication by air, sea and land make it possible for us to visit each other’scountries at a moderate cost. What was once the ‘grand tour’, reserved for onlythe very rich, is now within everybody’s grasp? The package tour and charteredflights are not to be sneered at. Modern travelers enjoy a level of comfortwhich the lords and ladies on grand tours in the old days couldn’t have dreamedof. But what’s the sense of this mass exchange of populations if the nations ofthe world remain basically ignorant of each other?

Many tourist organizationsare directly responsible for this state of affairs. They deliberately set outto protect their clients from too much contact with the local population. Themodern tourist leads a cosseted, sheltered life. He lives at internationalhotels, where he eats his international food and sips his international drinkwhile he gazes at the natives from a distance. Conducted tours to places ofinterest are carefully censored. The tourist is allowed to see only what the organizerswant him to see and no more. A strict schedule makes it impossible for thetourist to wander off on his own; and anyway, language is always a barrier, sohe is only too happy to be protected in this way. At its very worst, this leadsto a new and hideous kind of colonization. The summer quarters of theinhabitants of the cite universitaire: are temporarily reestablished on the island of Corfu. Blackpoolis recreated at Torremolinos where the traveler goes not to eat paella, butfish and chips.

The sad thing about thissituation is that it leads to the persistence of national stereotypes. We don’tsee the people of other nations as they really are, but as we have been broughtup to believe they are. You can test this for yourself. Take fivenationalities, say, French, German, English, American and Italian. Now in yourmind, match them with these five adjectives: musical, amorous, cold, pedantic,native. Far from with any insight into the nationalcharacteristics of the peoples just mentioned, these adjectives actually act asbarriers. So when you set out on your travels, the only characteristics younotice are those which confirm your preconceptions. You come away with thehighly unoriginal and inaccurate impression that, say, ‘Anglo-Saxons arehypocrites’ of that ‘Latin peoples shout a lot’. You only have to make a fewforeign friends to understand how absurd and harmful national stereotypes are.But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best toprevent you?

Carried to an extreme,stereotypes can be positively dangerous. Wild generalizations stir up racialhatred and blind us to the basic fact—how trite it sounds! – That all peopleare human. We are all similar to each other and at the same time all unique.

1. The best title for this passageis
[A] tourism contributes nothing to increasing understand between nations.
[B] Tourism is tiresome.
[C] Conducted tour is dull.
[D] tourism really does something to one’s country.

2. What is the author’s attitudetoward tourism?
[A] apprehensive.
[B] negative.
[C] critical.
[D] appreciative.

3. Which word in the following isthe best to summarize Latin people shout a lot?
[A] silent.
[B] noisy.
[C] lively.
[D] active.

4. The purpose of the author’scriticism is to point out
[A] conducted tour is disappointing.
[B] the way of touring should be changed.
[C] when traveling, you notice characteristics which confirm preconception.
[D] national stereotypes should be changed.

5. What is ‘grand tour’ now?
[A] moderate cost.
[B] local sight-seeing is investigated by the tourist organization.
[C] people enjoy the first-rate comforts.
[D] everybody can enjoy the ‘grand tour’.

Vocabulary

1. superb 卓越的，杰出的，第一流的
2. moderate 中庸的，中等的，适度的
3. grand tour 大旅行，指旧时英国富家子弟教育中，到欧洲大陆观光的旅行，为学业必经阶段。
4. package tour 由旅行社代办而费用与路线、日程固定的假日旅游。也可用package holiday。
5. chartered flight 包机航班
6. set out to do sth. = begin ajob with a particular aim 开始做某事，决心/打算做……
7. cosset 宠爱，溺爱，纵容
8. conducted tour = guided tour 有人指导/引到下的参观，有导游的旅游
9. censor 检查
10. wander off 离开原处/正道，离群，漫步，漫游
11. quarters 住处，营
12. paella 西班牙什锦饭
13. chip 炸马铃薯条（土豆条）
14. amorous 多情的，色情的
15. pedantic 学究式的，卖弄学问的
16. generalization 归纳，概括
17. stir up 惹起，煽动，挑起
18. trite 陈腐的，老一套的

[ 本帖最后由 garnett_wu 于 2006-11-26 18:14 编辑 ]

第 2 篇答案

难句译注
1. What was once the ‘grand tour’,reserved for only the very rich, is now within everybody’s grasp.
【结构简析】withinsb.’s grasp.某人理解/了解，为某人所能抓到的。【参考译文】一度只有最富有者专享的“大旅行”现在人人都可获得。
2. The package tour and charteredflights are not to be sneered at.
【参考译文】旅行社包办的旅游，包机航班决不会遭人耻笑。
3. They deliberately set out toprotect their clients from too much contact with the local population.
【参考译文】旅行社有意使他们的谷底和当地居民少接触。
4. The modern tourist heads acosseted sheltered life.
【参考译文】现代旅行者过的使爱护有加与世隔绝的生活。
5. Conducted tours to places ofinterest are carefully censored.
【参考译文】有人指导下参观一些静电收到组织者――旅行社仔细的检查核准。
6. A strict schedule makes itimpossible for the tourist to wander off on his own; and anyway, language isalways barrier, so he is only too happy to be protected in this way.
【结构简析】only too+ 形容词/分词 = very非常。【参考译文】严格致密的计划值得旅行者不可能自己一个人到处闲逛；再说，至少语言总是个障碍，所以他对这样保护非常高兴。
7. At its very worst, this leadsto a new and hideous kind of colonization.
【结构简析】at one’sworst 在情况最坏的时候。【参考译文】最糟的时候，这种保护会导致形成一种新型而又可怕的殖民现象。
8. Carried to an extreme,stereotypes can be positively dangerous.
【结构简析】carriedto an extreme (to an excess )如果做得过分。【参考译文】如果走向极端，模式化的想法会非常危险。
9. Wild generalizations stir upracial hatred and blind us to the basic fact.
【参考译文】野蛮（乱七八糟）的概括/归纳会激起种族仇恨，使我们对这基本事实视而不见。

写作方法与文章大意
文章主要采用因果写法。虽然旅游业发展，人们可享受以前只有最富有者享受的大旅游，但由于旅行社种种限制/呵护及其它，使旅游者难以和当地居民接触。陈旧的固定的想――对民族的模式化想法，只有通过接触才能接触模式。而旅行社的种种都使人相互难以理解。

答案详解
1. A 旅游对增进民族了解毫无建树。第二段开始点出，许多旅游组织直接负责旅游事宜，他们有意识不让旅游者接触当地居民，让他们过着一种关怀备至又与世隔绝的生活。住的是国际饭店，吃的是国际食品，喝的是国际饮料，在原处观看当地居民。严格有序的计划使旅游者难以自己一人闲逛，语言的障碍，又使他们乐意接受保护。第三段涉及坚持民族模式化――老一套的想法，所以一开始旅游，你见到的民族特性就只是证实了你自己设想的基本事实――所有人民都是人类。只有交朋友才能知道民族模式是多么荒谬、有害，可是旅行社竭力制止，你又怎么能交上外国朋友呢？这一切说明A项对。
B.旅游很累。C.导游观光很单调乏味。D.旅游确实对国家有贡献。
2. C 批评。
3. B 吵吵闹闹的。
4. B 旅游的方式应改变。整篇文章（除第一段外）都环绕旅游方式不理想来进行批评。第二段集中在导游观光使旅游者难以和当地人民接触。第三段，见到的只是证实了旅游者本人事先形成的思想/先入之见，旅游根本达不到了解对方的目的。第四段讲了民族固定模式（先入之见的模式）的可怕后果。要使人懂得所有的人们都是人类，彼此相似，又各具特点，就得改变旅游的方式。
A.导游观光令人失望。C.旅游时，你见到的 特性证实了你的先入之见。D.民族模式应当改变。这三条都是批评的具体内容。
5. D 人人都能享受大旅游。大旅行是专指英国富家子弟上学中的一门课程－到欧洲大陆观光。不是人人都能享受。这里用grand tour表示人人都能享受类似grand tour的一切，甚至超过，如第一段指出：现代旅游者享受的舒适设施，达到了大旅行中老爷、小姐们做梦都没有想到的水平。海陆空高级交流联络通讯系统，使人们有可能钱花得不多就能访问、观光别的国家。所以说，曾是有钱人专享的大旅行，普通人也能领略。“grand tour”有引号，表明作为比喻。
A.费用不高。文内是费用合适、中等、恰当。B.当地观光受组织审查。C.人们喜欢一流舒适设施。

[ 本帖最后由 garnett_wu 于 2006-11-26 18:16 编辑 ]

第 3 篇

Passage Three (Pop Stars Earn Much)

Pop stars today enjoy astyle of living which was once the prerogative only of Royalty. Wherever they go,people turn out in their thousands to greet them. The crowds go wild trying tocatch a brief glimpse of their smiling, colorfully dressed idols. The stars aretransported in their chauffeur driven Rolls-Royces, private helicopters orexecutive aeroplanes. They are surrounded by a permanent entourage of managers,press agents and bodyguards. Photographs of them appear regularly in the pressand all their comings and goings are reported, for, like Royalty, pop stars arenews. If they enjoy many of the privileges of Royalty, they certainly sharemany of the inconveniences as well. It is dangerous for them to makeunscheduled appearances in public. They must be constantly shielded from theadoring crowds which idolize them. They are no longer private individuals, butpublic property. The financial rewards they receive for this sacrifice cannotbe calculated, for their rates of pay are astronomical.
And why not? Society hasalways rewarded its top entertainers lavishly. The great days of Hollywood havebecome legendary: famous stars enjoyed fame, wealth and adulation on anunprecedented scale. By today’s standards, the excesses of Hollywood do notseem quite so spectacular. A single gramophone record nowadays may earn muchmore in royalties than the films of the past ever did. The competition for thetitle ‘Top of the Pops’ is fierce, but the rewards are truly colossal.
It is only right thatthe stars should be paid in this way. Don’t the top men in industry earnenormous salaries for the services they perform to their companies and theircountries? Pop stars earn vast sums in foreign currency – often more than largeindustrial concerns – and the taxman can only be grateful fro their massiveannual contributions to the exchequer. So who would begrudge them theirrewards?
It’s all very well forpeople in humdrum jobs to moan about the successes and rewards of others.People who make envious remarks should remember that the most famous starsrepresent only the tip of the iceberg. For every famous star, there are hundredsof others struggling to earn a living. A man working in a steady job andlooking forward to a pension at the end of it has no right to expect very highrewards. He has chosen security and peace of mind, so there will always be alimit to what he can earn. But a man who attempts to become a star is takingenormous risks. He knows at the outset that only a handful of competitors everget to the very top. He knows that years of concentrated effort may be rewardedwith complete failure. But he knows, too, that the rewards for success are veryhigh indeed: they are the recompense for the huge risks involved and if heachieves them, he has certainly earned them. That’s the essence of privateenterprise.

1. The sentence Pop stars’ styleof living was once the prerogative only of Royalty means
[A] their life was as luxurious as that of royalty.
[B] They enjoy what once only belonged to the royalty.
[C] They are rather rich.
[D] Their way of living was the same as that of the royalty.
2. What is the author’s attitudetoward top stars’ high income?
[A] Approval.
[B] Disapproval.
[C] Ironical.
[D] Critical.
3. It can be inferred from thepassage
[A] there exists fierce competition in climbing to the top.
[B] People are blind in idolizing stars.
[C] Successful Pop stars give great entertainment.
[D] The tax they have paid are great.
4. What can we learn from thepassage?
[A] Successful man should get high-income repayment.
[B] Pop stars made great contribution to a country.
[C] Pop stars can enjoy the life of royalty.
[D] Successful men represent the tip of the iceberg.
5. Which paragraph covers the mainidea?
[A] The first.
[B] The second.
[C] The third.
[D] The fourth.

Vocabulary
1. prerogative 权力，（尤指）特权
2. chauffeur 受雇开车人，（尤指富人、要人的）司机
3. entourage 随行人员，伴随者，近侍；建筑物周围
4. astronomical 庞大的，天文的
5. adulation 奉承
6. gramophone 灌音
7. colossal 巨大的
8. exchequer 国库，财源
Exchequer Bond 国库债券
9. begrudge 感到不快/不满，忌妒
10. humdrum 平淡的，单调的
11. moan 呻吟声
moan about 发牢骚

引用:

原帖由 garnett_wu 于 2006-11-26 18:17 发表
第 3 篇

Passage Three (Pop Stars Earn Much) Pop stars today enjoy astyle of living which was once the prerogative only of Royalty. Wherever they go,people turn out in their thousands to ...

第三篇答案

难句译注
1. the prerogative of Royalty或the royal prerogative
皇家的特权（再英国指国王名义上享有不经议会认可而采取行动的权力）。
2. People turn out in theirthousands to greet them.
【结构简析】turn out露面、集合、出席。EX: A vast crowd turned outto watch the match.大批观众到场观看比赛。【参考译文】成千上万的人们出来欢迎他们。
3. The great days of Hollywood havebecome legendry.
【参考译文】好莱坞鼎盛时期成了神话。
4. By today’s standards, theexcesses of Hollywood do not seem quite so spectacular.
【参考译文】按今天的标准来看，好莱坞的奢华（过分的行为）似乎并不那么引人注目。
5. A single gramophone recordnowadays may earn much more in royalties than the films of the past ever did.
【参考译文】今天单张录音唱片挣的版税要比过去一步电影还要多得多。

写作方法与文章大意
作者以对比、因果写作手法，写出歌星享受者贵族般生活方式，出门受千万人群欢迎，出入高级车、机，身后保镖、经纪人、新闻记者，来去都有报道，这一切是社会对高级演员的慷慨赠予。公司的高级人员享受高薪，歌星也应享受。再则谢谢尖歌星冒有很大风险。

答案详解
1. B 他们享受一度只属于贵族享用的一切。第一段集中谈了这些：他们走到哪里，成千上万人们出来欢迎，却中发疯地要看一眼穿着花哨的偶像的笑容。这些歌星坐着司机开动的Rolls-Royces汽车、私人直升飞机，高级长官飞机到处走，永远围着一批经纪人、报界记者和保镖随从人员。他们的照片定期登在报刊上，因为歌星象贵族一样是新闻人物。
A.他们的生活和贵族一样奢侈。C.他们很富。D.他们的生活方式和贵族生活方式一个样。
2. A 赞成。在第一段最后一句：“他们为他们的牺牲所获取的报酬难以计算，支付率惊人。”第二段一开始就点明“为什么不惊人？社会对高级表演者总是慷慨解囊。好莱坞的鼎盛时期名扬天下，著名歌星先手空前绝后的名、利、奉承。”第三段更明确指出：应该这样支付星族，这完全正确。企业中的谢谢尖人物因为他们为公司和国家所作的一切不也挣得高额工资？税务员应感谢他们每年为国库做出了巨大的贡献。所以谁会忌妒他们的报酬呢？最后一段进一步说明：欲成为星族的人冒着很大的风险，谁都知道只有一小撮人能成为谢谢尖人物，也可能多年的努力以彻底失败而告终，而成功的报酬确实很高，这是对他们冒险的补偿。这些内容都说明作者赞成巨额报酬。
A.不同意。C.讽刺的。D.批评的。
3. A 在攀登谢谢峰中存在着激烈的竞争。这在第三段最后一句明确指出：获取谢谢尖的流行歌星的称号竞争激烈，但其报酬确实惊人。最后一段的风险说。还有最后一段第二句：说忌妒话的人应记住：最有名的星族代表的只是冰山之巅――人极少。每个成名的歌星身后就有成千上百个其他歌者为生存而奋斗。这都说明“竞争激烈”。
B.人们盲目崇拜偶像歌星。C.成功的流行歌星演出给人极大的享受。D.他们支付的税收巨大。
4. D 成功者只是冰山的谢谢尖――少极了。
A.成功的人应当获得高收入。B.流行歌星对国家做出巨大贡献。C.流行歌星能享受贵族生活。
D 第四段。主旨句是倒数第一、二句，成功的报酬确实很高，这是对其高度风险的还报补偿，如果他成功了，他肯定挣得多。那就是私人事业的根本/本质。
A.第一段。这段之对比了贵族和歌星的生活方式。B.第二段。这段讲了挣得多，但竞争激烈。C.第三段。歌星和企业谢谢尖人物对比

Passage Four (Examinations Exert a PerniciousInfluence on Education)

We might marvel at theprogress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a person’sknowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. It really isextraordinary that after all these years, educationists have still failed todevice anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. For all thepious claim that examinations text what you know, it is common knowledge thatthey more often do the exact opposite. They may be a good means of testingmemory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they cantell you nothing about a person’s true ability and aptitude.
As anxiety-makers,examinations are second to none. That is because so much depends on them. Theyare the mark of success of failure in our society. Your whole future may bedecided in one fateful day. It doesn’t matter that you weren’t feeling verywell, or that your mother died. Little things like that don’t count: the examgoes on. No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after asleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects himto do. The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competitionwhere success and failure are clearly defined and measured. Can we wonder atthe increasing number of ‘drop-outs’: young people who are written off as utterfailures before they have even embarked on a career? Can we be surprised at thesuicide rate among students?
A good education should,among other things, train you to think for yourself. The examination systemdoes anything but that. What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by asyllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. Examinations do notmotivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his rea谢谢; they do notenable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming. They lower thestandards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms. Teachersthemselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teachingtheir subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniqueswhich they despise. The most successful candidates are not always the besteducated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress.
The results on which somuch depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by someanonymous examiner. Examiners are only human. They get tired and hungry; theymake mistakes. Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in alimited amount of time. They work under the same sort of pressure as thecandidates. And their word carries weight. After a judge’s decision you havethe right of appeal, but not after an examiner’s. There must surely be manysimpler and more effective ways of assessing a person’s true abilities. Is itcynical to suggest that examinations are merely