2001年研究生入学考试英语模拟题及参考答案（朱泰祺）
2001年研究生入学考试英语模拟题及参考答案（朱泰祺）
命题：朱泰祺
Section A
1. The school board deemed it advisable that Mr. Smith ____ to the position since he has much experience in teaching affairs.
A. will be assigned B. has to be assigned C. must be assigned D. be assigned
2. The speed of communications today, ____ opposed to that of yesterday, has greatly altered the manner in which business today is conducted.
A. which B. what C. that D. as
3. Mary claimed that her wallet was stolen, not lost, but her friend said she ______ it on the counter while shopping downtown.
A. might leave B. must leave C. should have left D. may have left
4. The committee members listened quietly as the union representative read the demands that his followers ____for.
A. be demonstrating B. demonstrate C. had been demonstrating D. have demonstrated
5. They imposed no pre-conditions ____ that the meeting should be held in their capital as soon as possible.
A. rather than B. more than C. nothing else than D. other than
6. The editor says we will publish the school paper this week, ____.
A. what may come B. come what may C. may what come D. might what come
7. In a nation that prides itself ____ a commitment to equality of opportunity women's progress in the workplace can only be seen as inevitable and fair.
A. in B. on C. for D. with
8. The question as to whether an object possesses a particular combination of properties is ____ a matter of fact as whether it possesses any one of them.
A. not so much B. much as C. not much of D. as much
9. The difference between a winner and a loser is that the former never loses heart, when ___ with immense difficulties.
A. confronting B. having confronted C. having been confronted D. confronted
10. The Shopping Center is reported in the local newspaper ____ in a fire a couple of days ago.
A. to be destroyed B. destroyed C. to have been destroyed D. having been destroyed
Section B
11. There is no (A denying) the fact that many general texts (B as well as) numerous research
articles (C on) interviewing in fields (D rather than) journalism have been written.
12. Not until (A people began) to improve (B their) domesticated plants and animals, (C thinking and planning played) a part in the development of new kinds of (D living) things.
13. (A As is) generally accepted, some (B bloods types) are quite common, others are regionally distributed, and (C still) others are (D few and far between) everywhere.
14. That modern science (A knows to save) women who are unable to give a birth (B to) babies by normal (C means) is one of the miracles of (D the) twentieth century.
15. He doesn't (A strike) me (B as)a person who gets angry hastily, but (C rather one) who is (D quick to defend ) himself.
16. Forty years ago, (A when) the parents of today's high school seniors were themselves (B. in school), a high-school education was (C. sufficient enough) to get ready (D. for)most occupations.
17. We shall (A. again and again)find the earliest senses of a word (B flourished) for centuries (C despite) a vast overgrowth of later senses which (D. might be ) expected to kill them.
18. There have been (A. a great many) explanations, some of them (B. are) very complicated, (C. to) the great demand for college education in America, and they are probably all true (D. in some measure).
19. Public transportation in (A. most of the ) nation is expanding. (B. Moreover), the use of subways and buses is (C. declining ) in the metropolitan areas (D. in question).
20. This is Dr. Jackson (A. calling). If anyone (B. asks for) me while I am away (C. from) the hospital, ask (D. them) to call back this afternoon.
Section C
21. It was a long time before the cut on my hand _____ completely.
A. healed B. cured C. improved D. recovered
22. We shall very much _____ it if you will offer us some new items to enlarge our present business scope.
A. gratitude B. oblige C. appreciate D. honor
23. The mother said she would ____ her son washing the dishes if he could finish his assignment before supper.
A. let down B. let alone C. let off D. let out
24. Language, culture, and personality may be considered _____ of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.
A. indistinctly B. separately C. irrelevantly D. independently
25. New mineral resources may be discovered during the forthcoming Antarctic _____.
A. excursion B. execution C. extraction D. expedition
26. Probability is the mathematical study of the ____ of an event's occurrence.
A. desire B. likelihood C. result D. effect
27. It was such a dangerous scene: the boy was ____ drowned in the river just now.
A. nothing but B. all but C. anything but D. but that
28. In many cultures people who were thought to have the ability to ___ dreams were likely to be highly respected.
A. interpret B. inherit C. intervene D. impart
29. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainly on ____.
A. consciousness B. instinct C. impulse D. response
30. The government will be better able to ____ other problems because it won't be caught up in planning ahead for future population growth.
A. challenge B. release C. eliminate D. tackle
31. The doctor assured me that the pain would ____ one hour after I took the medicine.
A. wear out B. cross out C. wear off D. cut off
32. They have been waiting for many hours to see the singer, but the airplane must have been ____.
A. behind the times B. behind schedule
C. ahead of time D. in no time
33. Most good writers use every means at their _____ to make the reader's way smooth and easy.
A. convenience B. disposal C. will D. request
34. The reference she made to her friend, the poet, was interesting but too ____ for anyone to appreciate.
A. drastic B. obsolete C. obscure D. distinct
35. "Who is responsible for sending out misinformation?"
"Most of the fault lies ____ the administration."
A. in B. to C. on D. with
36. We could see that he was trying to ____ his own responsibility for the delay, instead of accepting his fault.
A. run over B. smooth over C. pass off D. turn down
37. In the Spring Export Commodities Fair the _____ his own responsibility for the delay, instead of accepting his fault.
A. succession B. array C. string D. procession
38. In order to protect and develop its own automobile industry, the government placed restrictions ____ the numbers of foreign cars that could be imported.
A. to B. on C. for D. about
39. _____ it is a good thing I did not get the post I had applied for , though I must admit that I was disappointed at the time.
A. By a way B. In a way C. In the way D. In no way
40. When people have their basic needs satisfied, they begin to think of other things to fulfil their life ____.
A. necessities B. requirements C. appreciation D. expectations
Part II Close
As is known to all, the United States is a "Car Empire". The number of its automobiles has 41---- much more rapidly than that of 42--- for automobiles, and many American cities are not equipped to 43---- all the cars owned by the people. The major problem is a lack of parking 44----. It is a very simple matter to drive a car downtown, 45--- it is difficult to find a place to park it once the car is in town.
So it is 46---- with millions of private automobiles all cities 47---- maintain a system of public transportation. Such a system, called a transit system, is operated 48---- a permit granted by the city to a single firm which 49--- to provide transportation. The 50---- trend in nearly all the cities in the country is toward an all-bus transit system.
41. A. reduced B. grown C. diminished D. extended
42. A. equipments B. regulations C. appliances D. facilities
43. A. handle B. treat C. guide D. govern
44. A. environment B. surroundings C. rooms D. spaces
45. A. that B. so C. but D. hence
46. A. that B. because C. whether D. why
47. A. yet B. still C. just D. even
48. A. with B. for C. under D. by
49. A. approves B. agrees C. favors D. obliges
50. A. modern B. contemporary C. previous D. present
Part III Reading Comprehension
1
Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable prices, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to possible to provide for export at competitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labor, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times an much, the price of your television license would need to be doubled and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 per cent more.
And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven Acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it , and that it represents good value.
Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of.
There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a will-known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade.
If its message were confined merely to information --- and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive --- advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the will-known television personality wants.
51. By the first sentence of the passage the author means that ____.
A. he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising
B. everybody knows well that advertising is money consuming
C. advertising costs money like everything else
D. it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising
52. In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages advertising?
A. Securing greater fame. B. Providing more jobs.
B. Enhancing living standards. D. Reducing newspaper cost.
53. The author deems that the well-known TV personality is ___.
A. very precise in passing his judgement on advertising
B. interested in nothing but the buyers' attention
C. correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information
D. obviously partial in his views on advertising
54. In the author's opinion, ____
A. advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing information
B. advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over
C. there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer
D. the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement.
2
Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it is painful ? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation . He has proved that everyone has daily energy cycle.
During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you are "hot". That is true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues(自言自语) as:" Get up, John! You'll be late for work again!" The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.
You can't change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Jr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up later anyway. Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle, but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point.
Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.
55. Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?
A. Unawareness of energy cycles.
B. Familiar monologues.
C. A change in a family member's energy cycle.
D. Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members.
56. If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should ____.
A. change his energy cycle B. overcome his laziness
C. get up earlier than usual D. go to bed earlier
57. You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will ____ .
A. help to keep your energy for the day's work
B. help you to control your temper early in the day
C. enable you to concentrate on your routine work
D. keep your energy cycle under control all day
58. Which of the following statements in NOT TRUE?
A. Getting off to work with a minimum effort helps save one's energy.
B. Dr. Kleitman explains why people reach their peaks at different hours of day.
C. Habit helps one adapt to his own energy cycle.
D. Children have energy cycles, too.
3
There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language ---- all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.
By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings.
But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is for the most part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic section zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from sore. The first men to study the nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.
59. The most important advances made by mankind come from ____.
A. technical applications B. apparently useless information
C. the natural sciences D. philosophy
60. The author points out that the Greeks who studied conic sections _____.
A. were mathematicians B. were interested in navigation
C. were unaware of the value of their studies D. worked with electricity
61. The title below that best expresses the idea of this passage is _____.
A. Technical Progress B. Man's Distinguishing Characteristics
C. Learning for Its Own Sake D. The Difference between Science and Philosophy
62. The practical scientist ______.
A. knows the value of what he will discover B. is interested in the unknown C. is a philosopher D. conceives of contemporary life
4.
The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become "better" people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don't go. But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who don't fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other's experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Others find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out-often encouraged by college administrators. Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselves-they are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But that's a condemnation of the students as a while, and doesn't explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. We've been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can't absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year olds, either.
Some adventuresome educators and campus watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences. Perhaps college doesn't make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn things people are merely the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.
63. According to the author ____?
A. people used to question the value of college education
B. people used to have full confidence in higher education
C. all high school graduates went to college
D. very few high school graduates chose to go to college
64. In the 2nd paragraph, " those who don't fit the pattern " refers to ______.
A. high school graduates who aren't suitable for college education
B. college graduates who are selling shoes and driving taxis
C. college students who aren't any better for their higher education
D. high school graduates who failed to be admitted to college
65. According to passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that ____.
A. society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduates
B. high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education.
C. Too many students have to earn their own living.
D. College administrators encourage students to drop out.
66. In this passage the author argues that ____.
A. more and more evidence shows college education may not be the best thing for high school graduates.
B. College education is not enough of one wants to be successful
C. College education benefits only the intelligent, ambitious , and quick-learning people
D. intelligent people may learn quicker of they don't go to college.
5
We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours' sleep alternating with some 16-17 hours' wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.
The question is no mere academic one. The case, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.
The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work.
This latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.
67. Why is the question of how easily people can get used to working at night no mere academic one?
A. Because few people like to reverse the cycle of sleep and wakefulness.
B. Because sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.
C. Because people are required to work at night in some fields of industry.
D. Because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits.
68. The main problem of the round-the clock working system lies in _____.
A. the inconveniences brought about to the workers by the introduction of automation
B. the disturbance of the daily cycle of workers who have to change shifts too frequently
C. the fact that people working at night are often less effective
D. the fact that it is difficult to find a number of good night workers
69. The best solution for implementing the 24-hour working system seems to be _____.
A. to change shifts at longer intervals B. to have longer shifts
C. to employ people who work on night shifts only
E. to create better living conditions for night workers
70. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A. Body temperature may serve as an indication of a worker's performance.
B. The selection of a number of permanent night shift workers has proved to be the best solution to problems of the round-the-clock working system.
C. Taking body temperature at regular intervals can show how a person adapts to the change of routine.
D. Disturbed sleep occurs less frequently among those on permanent night or day shifts.
Part IV English-Chinese Translation
71) The teaching of English as a second language (ESL) in schools has had a history of conflicting arguments, interesting innovations and some very positive methodological changes. To understand the present situation, it is necessary to consider the past and the wider educational context which has a bearing on it.)))
Until quite recently, approaches to ESL work have been strongly influenced by methods developed to teach English as a foreign language to older learners. These methods placed much emphasis on drills, exercises and remedial programs that focus on language in abstraction. (72) The prescriptive nature of such methods and the demands they made on the teacher's time developed the belief that ESL work would be tackled only by the specialist ESL teacher working with small groups of children.))) (73) Such an approach does not fit comfortably into current notions of learning and teaching in the primary school, nor does it sufficiently equip ESL earners in the secondary school to benefit from normal schooling.))) In prescribing what language is to be taught, it has ignored what children bring to the learning task and the choices they make about how and what they want to learn. Furthermore, the location and organization of language provision did not measure up to the demand. (74) The language centers and English language services all contributed to providing special and concentrated teaching of English as a second language in small groups, varying in size from four or five to fifteen. Whatever the pattern of provision, the main aim was to give pupils sufficient English to enable them to join normal schools as quickly as possible.))) The success of such special provision depended very much on the close and constant liaison of language teachers with the subject teachers and the class teachers and on the continuity of learning experiences provided by them. One of the important disadvantages of language centers and withdrawal groups was that ESL children were being taught away from those English-speakers who provide the most powerful models, i.e. their peer (地位相同的) group. Peer-0group interaction is an important element in any learning situation, but its particular strengths in a classroom with ESL learners cannot be over-emphasized.
(75) The separation of second-language learners from the main-stream classroom cannot easily be justified on educational grounds, since in practice it leads to both their curriculum and language learning being impoverished.)))
Part V Writing
A. Title: Violence On TV
B. Time limit: 40 minutes
C. Word limit: no less than 150 words
D. Your composition should be based on the Outline below
E. Your composition must be written clearly on the Answer Sheet II
Outline:
1. Present state
2. Harmless of violence programs on TV
3. My comments
参考答案
DDDCD BBDDC
D(responded to) B(that) C(has been reached) B(to be hanged) C(be used)
C(idea) D(them) D(other than what) D(worrying) D(to hope for)
BCBCB DBAAA
DCCAB DCDCB
BACDC ABBAA
BACD CDAB BCCA BCAA DBCA
71. 英语在学校里作为第二语言的教学经历了一段激烈争论，有趣革新和某些非常引人注目的教学法改革的历史，为了了解现状，有必要考察一下过去以及与现状有关的更广泛的教育环境。
72．这些方法的规定性特征以及它们对教学时间上的要求使人们相信，作为第二语言的英语教学工作，只能由这方面的专业教师和一些学生小班进行。
73．这种看法与目前小学里的教与学的指导思想并不一致，也不足以使中学的英语作为第二语言的学习者从正常的教育中得到收益。
74．各种语言教学中心和英语语言教学机构有助于提供专门的和集中的英语教学，这种作为第二语言的英语教学以小班为单位，每班人数由4-5个到15个不等，不管教学模式是什么样的，其主要目的是向学生传授足够的英语知识，使他们能尽快的参与到正常的学校生活中去。
75．从教育学角度来看，很难说使第二语言学习者脱离正常课堂教学的做法是可取的，因为它实际上使教学安排和语言学习都蒙受损失。
Very often, you can see violence programs as soon as you turn on RV. Generally speaking, violence occurs in urban areas. In violence programs you can see criminals robbing pedestrians of their belongings and then getting away. There are also smuggers who traffic in drugs to seek huge profits and they often murder each other for the money. They even kill the policemen of law enforcement. Therefore, city residents feel threatened by violence here and there.
The influence of TV violence on teenagers is far-reaching. Most of the heavy viewers see the world we live in as more dangerous than it really is. And they demand more protection from the police. Recent surveys indicate that the influence of TV violence is associated with education, occupation and age. Usually well-educated people have less influence. The younger one is and the more he watches TV violence, the more he is affected. Influenced by violence programs, some of the young adults are involved in murder cases. As a result, parents and teachers are worrying about the harmful effect of TV violence on children.
In my opinion, TV violence contributes to violent acts of teenagers. Hence, children should be advised to watch as few violence programs as possible.(204 words)
